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HOW TO BUILD A SIMPLE ELECTRIC MOTOR

An electromagnet results when the electrical current produced by the battery runs through the wire coil. The permanent magnet attracts its opposite pole and repels its like pole on the coil, which causes the coil spin.


Things You'll Need:

* Two large paper clips
* Five small round ceramic magnets
* Two feet of insulated, solid 20-gauge copper wire
* Masking tape
* Battery (D)
* Two electrical leads with clips on each end
* Wire strippers
* Black permanent marker
* Block of wood large enough to make the battery holder
* Four nails
* Hammer


Step 1

Make a coil by winding the copper wire five times, creating loops that are about 1 inch in diameter. Do this in such a way that you end up with copper wire ends on opposing sides of the coil. Take the ends of the wire and wrap them around the coil several times to hold it together, leaving 2 inches extending from each side of the coil. When a current flows through this coil, it creates an electromagnet with a north and a south pole.


Step 2

Strip the insulation off the ends of the 2 inches of wire sticking out from each side of the coil. Use a black permanent marker and color the top half of one of the copper wires. This is an important step because it allows the magnetic field to turn off for half of a spin on every turn of the coil. Inertia carries the rotating coil through the half turn past the paint, allowing the current to resume in the same direction as it was flowing.


Step 3

Place the cup upside down with two magnets on top of each other in the center. Stack three more magnets inside the cup, underneath the ones you placed on top. This creates a magnetic field while holding all of the magnets in place.


Step 4

Open out one end of each paper clip, forming a straight leg on each one that you then tape to opposite sides of the cup. Once you tape the paper clip into position, you will be able to cradle the coil wires in the bend of each paper clip. Adjusting the paper clips may take a few tries. The height of the clips should allow the coil to spin, clearing the magnets by 1/16 inch. Continue to adjust the coil and clips until the coil can spin freely, while remaining balanced and centered.


Step 5

Construct a battery holder with a block of wood and four nails. A nail on each side of the battery holds it in place, and one on each ends serves as the battery terminals. Connect one electrical lead clip to a battery terminal (nail) and the other end to a paper clip. Do the same with the other electrical lead wire on the opposite side.


Step 6

Spin the coil to get it going. It should continue spinning on its own. If it doesn't, go through a checklist to make sure the coil assembly is balanced, you've colored the top half of one of the wire ends with a black marker, and that the coil and magnets are close to each other, but not touching.


HERE'S A VIDEO TO GUIDE YOU IN MAKING ONE:

http://www.metacafe.com/watch/1546614/how_to_make_an_electric_motor/

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